Man page 1 : git-fsck

git-fsck - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database

Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.

<object>
    An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.

If no objects are given, git fsck defaults to using the index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.

--unreachable
    Print out objects that exist but that aren(cqt readable from any of the reference nodes.

--root
    Report root nodes.

--tags
    Report tags.

--cache
    Consider any object recorded in the index also as a head node for an unreachability trace.

--no-reflogs
    Do not consider commits that are referenced only by an entry in a reflog to be reachable. This option is meant only to search for commits that used to be in a ref, but now aren(cqt, but are still in that corresponding reflog.

--full
    Check not just objects in GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY ($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates, and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off with --no-full.

--strict
    Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older versions of git. Existing repositories, including the Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended to check new projects with this flag.

--verbose
    Be chatty.

--lost-found
    Write dangling objects into .git/lost-found/commit/ or .git/lost-found/other/, depending on type. If the object is a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than its object name.

It tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the --unreachable flag it will also print out objects that exist but that aren(cqt readable from any of the specified head nodes.

So for example


    .

git fsck --unreachable HEAD \
        $(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads)

.

will do quite a lot of verification on the tree. There are a few extra validity tests to be added (make sure that tree objects are sorted properly etc), but on the whole if git fsck is happy, you do have a valid tree.

Any corrupt objects you will have to find in backups or other archives (i.e., you can just remove them and do an rsync with some other site in the hopes that somebody else has the object you have corrupted).

Of course, "valid tree" doesn(cqt mean that it wasn(cqt generated by some evil person, and the end result might be crap. git is a revision tracking system, not a quality assurance system ;)

expect dangling commits - potential heads - due to lack of head information
    You haven(cqt specified any nodes as heads so it won(cqt be possible to differentiate between un-parented commits and root nodes.

missing sha1 directory <dir>
    The directory holding the sha1 objects is missing.

unreachable <type> <object>
    The <type> object <object>, isn(cqt actually referred to directly or indirectly in any of the trees or commits seen. This can mean that there(cqs another root node that you(cqre not specifying or that the tree is corrupt. If you haven(cqt missed a root node then you might as well delete unreachable nodes since they can(cqt be used.

missing <type> <object>
    The <type> object <object>, is referred to but isn(cqt present in the database.

dangling <type> <object>
    The <type> object <object>, is present in the database but never directly used. A dangling commit could be a root node.

warning: git-fsck: tree <tree> has full pathnames in it
    And it shouldn(cqt...

sha1 mismatch <object>
    The database has an object who(cqs sha1 doesn(cqt match the database value. This indicates a serious data integrity problem.

GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
    used to specify the object database root (usually $GIT_DIR/objects)

GIT_INDEX_FILE
    used to specify the index file of the index

GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
    used to specify additional object database roots (usually unset)

Written by Linus Torvalds <\m[blue]\\fR\m[]\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2>

Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <\m[blue]\\fR\m[]\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2>.

Part of the git(1) suite

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